Volcanism refers to the processes and phenomena associated with the movement of molten rock (magma) from beneath the Earth's surface to its exterior through volcanic activity. This can result in the formation of volcanoes, lava flows, volcanic gases, ash clouds, and other related geological features.
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Transport and eruption or intrusion of molten rock and associated gases. Subduction, spreading and mantle upwellings can supply melt; volcanism does not require globally active plate tectonics. Outgassing couples interior evolution to atmospheric inventories.