The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) is one of the leading organizations for applied research in Europe. Based in Germany, it was founded in 1949 and is named after the German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, who made significant contributions to optics and spectroscopy. The society's mission is to conduct research and development in various technological domains with a strong focus on practical applications and industrial partnerships.

Jordanus de Nemore, often referred to as Jordanus of Nemore, was a medieval mathematician and logician active in the 13th century. He is best known for his work in the fields of mathematics, especially geometry and combinatorics.

Abraham bar Hiyya, also known as Abraham ben Hiyya or by his Latin name, Petrus de Hispania, was a Jewish scholar, mathematician, and philosopher from the medieval period. He lived during the 11th or 12th century in Spain, particularly in the region of the Iberian Peninsula that was then influenced by both Jewish and Islamic cultures.

Abacus School typically refers to educational institutions that focus on teaching mathematics using the abacus, a traditional calculating tool. These schools often emphasize mental arithmetic and cognitive development through the use of the abacus, helping students improve their calculation speed and accuracy. In some regions, especially in Asia, Abacus schools are popular and may offer programs for children as young as three years old. The curriculum often includes lessons on basic arithmetic operations, number sense, and cognitive skills that contribute to overall mathematical understanding.

Medieval English mathematicians were scholars and thinkers who contributed to the field of mathematics during the medieval period, roughly spanning from the 5th to the late 15th centuries. This era saw a continuation and preservation of classical mathematical knowledge, along with the introduction of new ideas influenced by other cultures, particularly through Islamic scholarship.

The Radiation and Public Health Project (RPHP) is an organization dedicated to researching and raising awareness about the health impacts of radiation, particularly in the context of nuclear power, radioactive waste, and other sources of radiation exposure. Established in the 1990s, the RPHP aims to investigate the potential health risks associated with radiation exposure, especially in communities residing near nuclear facilities.

The Irish Association of Physicists in Medicine (IAPM) is a professional organization dedicated to promoting the study and practice of medical physics in Ireland. It serves as a platform for professionals working in medical physics and related fields, including clinical physicists, medical physicists, and researchers, to share knowledge, collaborate, and advance the discipline. The IAPM focuses on various aspects of medical physics, including radiation safety, imaging technologies, radiation therapy, and the optimization of medical devices.

The International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (IUPESM) is a global organization that promotes the development and application of physics and engineering principles in medicine and healthcare. Founded in 1980, IUPESM serves as a platform for professionals in the fields of medical physics, biomedical engineering, and health technology to collaborate, share knowledge, and facilitate advancements in medical technologies.

The International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP) is a global professional organization that represents the field of medical physics. Established in 1963, its mission is to promote the role of medical physics in healthcare, support the professional development of medical physicists, and advance the application and practice of medical physics in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, particularly cancer. IOMP serves as a platform for medical physicists to collaborate, share knowledge, and exchange ideas across various countries and regions.

The International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) is a global organization that encompasses professionals and societies in the fields of medical and biological engineering. It aims to promote the development and application of engineering principles and techniques to healthcare and biological systems. The IFMBE facilitates collaboration among professionals, researchers, and educators in the fields of biomedical engineering and related disciplines.

The International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering (IAMBE) is a professional organization that focuses on the field of medical and biological engineering. It aims to promote education, research, and development in the application of engineering principles and methodologies to the medical and biological sciences. The academy typically consists of a network of professionals, including engineers, scientists, and researchers, who work on innovations and advancements in medical technology, biomedical devices, and healthcare solutions.

The Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) is a professional body based in the UK that represents professionals working in the fields of physics, engineering, and technology as they apply to medicine and healthcare. Founded in 1962, IPEM focuses on promoting the practice and advancement of medical physics and clinical engineering, with the aim of improving patient care and safety. IPEM provides a platform for networking, continuing professional development, and sharing knowledge among its members.

The Institute of Healthcare Engineering and Estate Management (IHEEM) is a professional organization based in the UK that focuses on the fields of healthcare engineering and estate management. Its primary mission is to develop and promote best practices in the management and engineering of healthcare facilities, ensuring that they are safe, efficient, and conducive to high-quality patient care. IHEEM serves a wide range of professionals, including healthcare engineers, facilities managers, and those involved in the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of healthcare environments.

The Ghana Society for Medical Physics (GSMP) is a professional organization that aims to promote the practice of medical physics in Ghana. This society focuses on advancing the field of medical physics through education, research, and collaboration among professionals working in healthcare, particularly in the areas of radiation therapy, diagnostic imaging, and other medical applications of physics.

The European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics (EFOMP) is a professional organization that represents the interests of medical physicists across Europe. Established to promote the practice and development of medical physics, EFOMP aims to improve the quality of healthcare through the application of physics and related sciences in medicine. EFOMP serves as a platform for collaboration among national organizations of medical physicists in various European countries.

The Canadian National Calibration Reference Centre (NCRC) is a facility that provides calibration services and reference standards to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements in various fields. It plays a crucial role in supporting the metrology needs of industry and government in Canada by maintaining national standards for physical quantities.

The Asia-Oceania Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics (AFOMP) is a professional organization that aims to promote and advance the practice and education of medical physics in the Asia-Oceania region. It serves as a platform for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and professional development among medical physicists and related professionals involved in the application of physics in medicine, particularly in the fields of radiation therapy, medical imaging, and radiation safety.