A point on a plant stem where a leaf is attached.

The portion of a plant stem between successive stem nodes.

A persistent, usually horizontal plant stem at or beneath the ground surface, bearing stem nodes, buds and often reduced leaves. Ginger provides an example.^[ref]

An angiosperm whose aromatic rhizome supplies the spice ginger.^[ref]

Plant tissues external to the vascular cambium of a woody stem or root.

Secondary xylem produced by the vascular cambium.

A storage shoot with a short stem and fleshy leaves or leaf bases; it is anatomically distinct from a root.

A lateral meristem producing secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward.

Historical description of fine scalp scaling; many cases correspond to dandruff. The name alone does not establish a cause.

Historical name for a red, scaling eruption. It is not automatically equivalent to pityriasis rubra pilaris.

An unstable historical category for dark eruptions or pigmentation, sometimes described as dark pityriasis versicolor. It cannot be assigned one modern pathogen from the name alone.

A form of elemental phosphorus distinct from molecular white phosphorus.

A compounded medicinal form defined by its ingredients, process and specified strength. Historical names require an edition-specific formula.

The British Pharmacopoeia specifies standards for medicinal substances and preparations. Its historical editions document ingredient identity, tests and formulation requirements. An edition-specific standard describes what a preparation meant at that date, rather than establishing modern therapeutic effectiveness.^[ref]

Transfer of a drug from its administration site into the systemic circulation. Direct intravenous delivery bypasses this transfer step.

A medicinal article defined by its botanical origin, plant organ and preparation state.

An extraction vessel through which a solvent passes through a packed powdered material. The dissolved extract leaves through the lower outlet.

A liquid medicinal preparation obtained with a specified solvent and formulation. Different editions and pharmacopoeias may assign different concentrations to a similar name.

Historical dried blister-beetle medicinal material containing cantharidin. Its toxicity differs from the efficacy question for a particular regulated topical product.