Eight-tile Neumann transplantation across orientability
ID: eight-tile-neumann-transplantation-across-orientability
Take eight congruent hexagonal tiles with three pairwise nonadjacent distinguished faces. On tile indices modulo eight let , , and use for one assembly and for the other. Pair faces by reflection and leave fixed faces, and the three remaining faces, with Neumann boundary conditions. If , the displayed matrix intertwines all three face actions: its circulant coefficients satisfy . Its eigenvalues are , which are nonzero for . The transplantation theorem gives equal spectra. The second gluing graph is bipartite, with parts and , so it is orientable. The first has the odd cycle and is nonorientable. Both graphs are connected with eight vertices and ten edges, and their bordered surfaces retract up to homotopy to the graphs. Both have Euler characteristic and fundamental groups free of rank three. Neither is simply connected.
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