Even multiplicities at fixed points of reciprocal root pairing

ID: even-multiplicities-at-fixed-points-of-reciprocal-root-pairing

Let be a nonzero polynomial of even degree over a field of characteristic different from two, satisfying the displayed reciprocal identity. If with , cancellation gives . Substitution of forces even. If with , cancellation gives ; substitution of forces even. Zero multiplicities are included. Pairing nonfixed reciprocal roots alone cannot prove this parity, because and are their own inverses.

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