First-order cancellation for an exchange-odd perturbation
ID: first-order-cancellation-for-an-exchange-odd-perturbation
Let be a unitary operator with , and let be the orthogonal projection operator onto an unperturbed energy eigenspace. Suppose acts as the same sign throughout that eigenspace and . For any in the eigenspace, preservation of the inner product gives . Hence every projected matrix element vanishes, so and degenerate perturbation theory gives zero first-order energy corrections. A zero diagonal alone would be insufficient. For equal spins, the exchange parity of two coupled identical spins is constant on each total-spin sector, while their spin-projection difference changes sign under exchange.
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