A researcher in optical metrology who compared two NIST cryogenic radiometers using common photodiode trap detectors. Each radiometer independently calibrated the detectors’ spectral responsivity, allowing consistency to be tested without assuming that either instrument was error-free. The comparison illustrates electrical substitution radiometry: absorbed optical power is related to the electrical heating needed to produce the same thermal response.[ref]
Comparison of Two Cryogenic Radiometers at NIST by Jeanne M. Houston and others. Abstract and §§2–5: trap-detector transfer, substitution protocols and uncertainty comparison
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