Biological translation uses a ribosome to read messenger RNA codons and assemble the corresponding amino acid chain. Transfer RNA adaptors match codons through base pairing and carry the amino acids; the genetic code supplies the correspondence. The chain grows from the N-terminus toward the C-terminus, by adding each new residue at the C-terminus. See Clark, Douglas and Choi, Biology 2e: ribosomes, transfer RNA and protein synthesis.
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