Outward vector field zero theorem
ID: outward-vector-field-zero-theorem
A continuous vector field on a closed Euclidean ball whose boundary values have nonnegative outward component has a zero in the ball. Otherwise is a continuous self-map of the ball. Its fixed point, supplied by the Brouwer fixed-point theorem, lies on the boundary and satisfies , a contradiction. The argument turns a zero-finding problem into a fixed point problem without any differentiability assumption.
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