Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-advanced-quantum-field-theory-for-particle-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2024/2/d/solution

For an -vertex fermion loop, reversing the fermion flow reverses the ordered product inside its trace. The same charge-conjugation matrix calculation transforms every Dirac propagator by and contributes for each vector photon interaction vertex. Relabel the loop momentum so that the external labels are fixed. The reversed Feynman diagram therefore obeys
For odd , the cyclic orders pair into opposite orientations and cancel. For , the single photon tadpole maps into itself with a minus sign and is zero. The common closed fermion loop sign is present on both sides and does not supply the factor . This proves Furry's theorem for all the requested one-loop Feynman diagrams. The charge conjugation argument also gives vanishing odd-photon correlation functions to all orders in vacuum QED, provided no charge conjugation symmetry breaking background or charged external state is introduced.

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