Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-biochemistry-and-molecular-biology-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/paper-2/section-c/14/k/solution

It is the free labelled DNA probe, not bound in the slower-moving protein–DNA complexes. Its smaller effective hydrodynamic size allows faster migration. Excess unbound probe commonly gives a strong lower band; a probe-only lane would verify this assignment and distinguish it from a labelled degradation product.

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