Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-elasticity-and-plasticity-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2023/2/c/ii/solution

Seek an even function with isolated contact at . On , the contact and reflection conditions impose and , while the free interval still has . Write
The two end boundary conditions give
and therefore the full displacement field is
The jump condition at zero gives the upward point force
It is nonnegative precisely when . In that range . Nonpenetration near zero requires , equivalently . Conversely, when both inequalities hold,
with strict inequality away from zero. Thus this is an admissible isolated-contact solution throughout
At the upper endpoint the contact curvature vanishes, and the profile remains above the obstacle for because . Increasing further would make , forcing penetration near zero. An interval of contact must then develop.
The admissible solution is unique within this linear model: the bending elastic energy is strictly convex on the convex set of admissible profiles with the prescribed end data. Integration by parts shows that a solution with nonnegative contact point forces satisfies the corresponding minimum condition, since every admissible variation lifts a point already on the obstacle. Reflection therefore justifies the assumed even function also after contact.

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