 Solution

Use logistic regression when the response variable is binary, for example whether a lecturer missed a deadline. It relates the event's log odds to one or more predictors, producing fitted probabilities between zero and one. Exponentiating a coefficient gives an odds ratio for a specified predictor change, conditional on the other model terms. An odds ratio is not generally a ratio of probabilities; the corresponding probability change depends on the starting probability and other predictors.

Report the outcome coding, estimated associations with confidence intervals, and relevant model checks. Sparse events, complete separation and dependent observations can make ordinary estimates or inferential procedures unreliable; repeated observations may need a generalized linear mixed model. For prediction, evaluate calibration and discrimination on data not used to tune the model. An adjusted association in an observational study does not automatically identify a causal effect.