Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-fluids-and-waves-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2015/2/a/solution

Orient counterclockwise around the body. For an arc element , the body-outward unit normal vector obeys . The pressure acts normally into the body, so its force per unit length in the suppressed third direction is
Integrating gives
Taking positive torque to mean counterclockwise about the origin, the infinitesimal moment is . Hence
All three expressions are per unit span. They are the normal-pressure contributions assumed by the inviscid model; a viscous traction would require extra terms. A constant pressure contributes zero net force and torque on a closed body, since .

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