Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-laser-science-and-quantum-information-processing-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2018/5/a/solution
Past exam of the laser science and quantum information processing course of the University of Oxford 2018 5 a Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-25
Take to have and use angular-frequency gyromagnetic ratios. Neglecting interspin coupling, the Hamiltonian of the Zeeman energy isFor , define . The exact thermal density matrix in the order isAt high temperature, , expand both numerator and normalization to obtainFor positive , is the most populated state; a negative gyromagnetic ratio reverses that population preference under this basis convention.
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