Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-laser-science-and-quantum-information-processing-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2018/5/a/solution

Take to have and use angular-frequency gyromagnetic ratios. Neglecting interspin coupling, the Hamiltonian of the Zeeman energy is
For , define . The exact thermal density matrix in the order is
At high temperature, , expand both numerator and normalization to obtain
For positive , is the most populated state; a negative gyromagnetic ratio reverses that population preference under this basis convention.

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