Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2001/iii/paper-21/4/f/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 21 4 f Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-14
True. The preceding distributional argument alone shows that almost-sure convergence to zero cannot hold with probability one. To establish almost-sure nonconvergence, rather than merely failure of a probability-one convergence claim, use the Kolmogorov zero-one law.
Let . For every fixed , subtracting shows thatThus belongs to the tail sigma-algebra of the independent unit-time increments; it is a tail event. The Kolmogorov zero-one law gives . If its probability were one, then in probability, contrary to its standard normal distribution at every . Therefore . Continuous-time convergence would imply integer-time convergence, soThe more general Brownian fluctuations exceed the square-root scale result is consistent with this direct tail-event proof. No independence of the normalized values themselves has been assumed.
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