Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2001/iii/paper-51/1/e/solution

The specified coordinate change gives the exact equations
At linear order on the center manifold. More precisely the stable coordinate obeys at linear order, while , . Thus relaxes towards its center-manifold value and can be eliminated by center manifold reduction or a properly ordered adiabatic elimination.
Write , where is homogeneous of degree . At degree two the graph invariance equation is . On homogeneous quadratic polynomials the operator is nilpotent, so adding makes it invertible. Hence . Equivalently, the odd vector field permits a symmetry-compatible odd graph: odd symmetry removes even center-manifold jets. No quadratic forcing is present for adiabatic elimination either. However, setting alone is insufficient at cubic order, because the evolving graph has a nonzero derivative.

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