Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2001/iii/paper-63/2/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 63 2 Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Use the current convention in the question, whose vertex prefactor is . The neutral-current vector and axial couplings are thenFor a charged lepton, , , givingFor an active neutrino, , , so . The right-handed weak singlet contribution is purely vectorlike in the charge term; combining it with the left-handed contribution gives precisely this Dirac-current form. These coefficients would be halved if the vertex prefactor were instead.
Let be the Z boson momentum and the outgoing massless lepton momenta. The decay amplitude isUse the fermion spin sums and . Anticommutation of with the Dirac gamma matrices gives the symmetric part of the trace,The vector-axial cross term is antisymmetric in , and hence drops out of the massive vector polarization sum. The massless equations also give : in the symmetric part, the first two contractions sum to , canceling the last; the antisymmetric term vanishes because . The longitudinal term therefore makes no contribution.
Since , contraction with gives . Thus the massless fermion Z decay spin sum, including all three initial polarizations, isTo use this fully summed expression for the decay width of one unpolarized Z boson, apply the massive-vector spin average, dividing by three. The width of each fixed polarization is the same after integration over all directions, so that procedure also gives the physical single-particle width. Omitting the division would sum the widths of three initial states.
For two massless distinguishable final particles, the two-body Lorentz-invariant phase space isConsequentlyThe tree-level electroweak symmetry breaking relation is . Combining it with the Fermi constant normalization givesFor an active neutrino, the vertex itself projects out inactive chiralities, so no additional helicity factor is needed. This is the tree-level massless leptonic Z decay width; lepton masses and radiative corrections have been excluded.
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