Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2008/ib/paper-2/4f/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 ib Paper 2 4F Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Use three compactness facts: a closed subset of a compact space is compact; a continuous image of a compact space is compact; and a compact subset of a Hausdorff space is closed. For a closed , these facts show that is closed in . Therefore the bijection is a closed map, and proves continuity of its inverse. Thus is a homeomorphism. This proves the compact-to-Hausdorff continuous bijection theorem without requiring itself to be Hausdorff.
Let be the quotient map and . The map is continuous and identifies precisely the equal parameters and the endpoint pair. Hence it induces a bijection from the quotient space to the unit circle, with ; the definition of the quotient topology makes continuous. The quotient is compact as a continuous image of , while the circle is Hausdorff as a subspace of . Applying the preceding theorem gives
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