Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/iii/paper-28/1/i/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 28 1 i Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Use the simple-root form of Hensel lemma. Let be a complete discrete valuation ring, let be a uniformizer, and let . If is a root of with , then there is exactly one root reducing to .
Choose a lift of . Suppose . To construct a lift satisfying the next congruence, write . The polynomial expansion givesSince is a unit, its residue is invertible in the residue field. There is a unique residue class of making this zero modulo . Thus and . This produces a Cauchy sequence in the complete discrete valuation ring. Its limit satisfies by continuity of polynomial evaluation, and .
For uniqueness, suppose are two such roots. Polynomial division of their difference givesBecause , the second factor is a unit. Hence . The simple-root hypothesis is used both for constructing successive lifts and for this uniqueness argument.
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