Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2012/iii/paper-33/5/a/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 33 5 a Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Put . First establish almost sure finiteness. The Itô formula gives the martingale for planar Brownian motion. Stop it at . The stopped path has norm at most , soBy monotone convergence, , and hence almost surely.
The function is a harmonic function away from : in polar coordinates its Laplacian is . The Itô formula shows is a local martingale. It is bounded between and , so it is a true martingale and passage to is justified by dominated convergence. Writing and using continuity at exit givesSolving yields the planar Brownian annulus hitting probabilityThe stopping argument stays away from the singularity of the logarithm until the calculation is complete.
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