Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2013/iii/paper-19/6/iv/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2013 iii Paper 19 6 iv Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Work internally in the ground model and write . Conditions are finite partial functions with the coordinate-wise value bounds in the PDF, ordered by inclusion, so compatible conditions agree on their common domain and their union is a common strengthening.
Suppose there were many pairwise incompatible conditions. Each fixed finite domain carries fewer than possible functions: it uses finitely many ordinals below , and each coordinate has fewer than choices. Regularity therefore lets us select distinct domains. The finite-set form of the generalized delta-system lemma gives a subfamily of size with common intersection . There are fewer than possible value assignments to the finite root . Regularity gives a further subfamily of size agreeing on the root. Any two of its conditions have a union in , contradicting incompatibility. Thus has the -chain condition. Strong inaccessibility is more than is needed for this finite-support argument; regular uncountability suffices.
For each and , requiring to be in the domain is dense. For each , requiring to occur as a value at some is also dense: choose a fresh and extend the condition. Hence the generic union defines, for each such , a surjection . Every ground ordinal below is therefore countable in .
By the chain condition and the cardinal-preservation argument, remains an uncountable cardinal in the extension; the same small-value argument preserves its regularity as well. All ordinals are unchanged. Since every smaller ordinal is countable and is not,This is the finite Lévy collapse to omega-one. The dense-set construction proves the collapse below , while the chain condition is what prevents collapsing itself.
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