 Solution

Assume an axisymmetric thin disc rotating in the fixed potential of a dominant central mass, with $\Omega =(G{M}_{\ast }{)}^{1/2}{r}^{-3/2}$ independent of time and height. Neglect vertical mass loss and vertical angular-momentum flux at the two faces, as well as self-gravity and radial pressure corrections to the rotation law. Define the surface density and density-weighted kinematic viscosity byand let $v_r={\Sigma }^{-1}\int \rho u_{r}dz$. These assumptions give the vertically averaged viscous disk equationswhere $l=r^2\Omega$ is specific angular momentum. Subtract $l$ times conservation of mass from conservation of angular momentum. Since $l$ is fixed in time,Substitution into conservation of mass proves the Keplerian viscous diffusion equationNo assumption of height-independent kinematic viscosity is needed; its density-weighted average is the one appearing in the integrated stress. A wind or surface magnetic stress would add terms and must not be silently discarded.