Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/iii/paper-105/3/b/i/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2018 iii Paper 105 3 b i Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-05
Formal self-adjointness gives symmetry of , and strict positivity gives positive definiteness, so is an inner product. Bounded coefficients give . To prove the lower bound, uniform ellipticity givesIf no lower bound by the norm existed, choose with and . By weak convergence in a Hilbert space and the Rellich-Kondrachov compactness theorem, a subsequence has in and in . The principal energy has weak lower semicontinuity: it is the squared norm of the bounded multiplication operator . The potential term converges because is bounded. HenceStrict positivity forces . The preceding ellipticity estimate now gives , while , contradicting . Thus strict positivity implies coercivity for an elliptic Dirichlet form, andThe new norm is equivalent to the original norm, so the space remains complete.
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