Let on for a bounded smooth domain, smooth symmetric uniformly positive coefficients, and bounded real . If for every nonzero , then for some . If this failed, choose with . The Rellich-Kondrachov compactness theorem gives a subsequence weakly converging in and strongly in . The principal energy has weak lower semicontinuity, and the potential term converges, so strict positivity forces the limit to be zero. Uniform ellipticity then gives , contradicting normalization. Merely being a positive semidefinite operator is insufficient: has a nonzero Dirichlet eigenfunction of zero energy.
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