Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-215/2/a/solution

The chain is a random walk on the finite abelian group , so its stationary distribution is uniform and its characters diagonalize the transition operator. For one coordinate and , the eigenvalue is
Uniformly in ,
for an absolute . Hence the one-coordinate chi-squared distance after is at most . The coordinates evolve independently, so the product formula for chi-squared distance gives
The chi-squared divergence bound on total variation distance now yields
uniformly in .
For , the first nonconstant character has eigenvalue modulus , uniformly in . Testing against its real or imaginary part gives a fixed positive total-variation distance until time . Thus

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