Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/iii/paper-146/3/solution

With the convention
the time-dependent Hamiltonian vector field is uniquely determined because is nondegenerate. If is its local flow, Cartan's magic formula gives
Thus wherever the flow is defined, which is the Hamiltonian flow preserves the symplectic form property.
Write and . The linear Hamiltonian
has Hamiltonian vector field . Choose a smooth cutoff that is one on and zero outside , and put . Every trajectory beginning in and following remains in for time , so the time-one map translates that ball by . Outside its vector field vanishes, so the map is the identity. This is a compactly supported Hamiltonian translation and hence a compactly supported symplectomorphism.
For the connected-sum construction, choose a Darboux chart about the unique transverse intersection and straighten the two Lagrangian sheets to and in . Remove small disks from the two sheets and join their boundary circles by the standard Lagrangian neck
in , where follows a smooth arc from one positive coordinate ray to the other and agrees with those rays near its ends. Its pullback of vanishes because . Gluing this neck to the unchanged surfaces performs Lagrangian surgery. Topologically it is their connected sum, so it gives a Lagrangian connected sum
Finally, choose an immersed circle with exactly transverse double points and no other multiple points; one may add small figure-eight kinks to an embedded circle. Let be an embedded circle and define
This Product Lagrangian immersion satisfies . If is a double point of , its two local branches times meet along . Their tangent spaces intersect precisely in the tangent line to that circle, so the intersection is clean. The double points therefore give exactly disjoint clean self-intersection circles.
Near each clean circle, perturb one Lagrangian sheet by the graph of in its Weinstein neighborhood, where is a Morse function with one minimum and one maximum. The clean circle is replaced by two transverse double points. Resolve both by Lagrangian surgery. Each resolution attaches one one-handle and lowers the Euler characteristic by two, so resolving all clean circles changes the Euler characteristic of the original torus from zero to
Choose the orientation-reversing neck at one double point; the resulting connected surface is nonorientable, while all the surgeries remove their double points and leave an embedding. Thus the Givental construction of nonorientable Lagrangian surfaces gives a closed connected nonorientable surface of Euler characteristic Lagrangian embedded in .

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