Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-124/2/iv/solution

Put . Then
Generate a uniformly random complete -partite graph by independently assigning one of colours to each vertex and joining vertices of different colours. Such a graph contains the clique on exactly when the colouring is injective on .
Construct by adjoining one forced set at a time. There are at most possible sets of size at most . If is newly forced by , then, conditional on being rainbow, the events that each is not rainbow depend on disjoint petals . Since , each has conditional probability at most . Their simultaneous probability is therefore at most . A union bound over the at most closure steps gives
This is exactly the claimed proportion of complete -partite graphs.

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