Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-125/4/a/solution

For in lowest terms, the naive height on the projective line is
Homogenize the coprime numerator and denominator of to degree . The triangle inequality gives the upper estimate . Since the two homogenized forms have no common projective zero, their resultant is nonzero, and the Bézout identities for the resultant express fixed multiples of and as combinations of their values with coefficients of degree . After cancellation this gives , which is the lower estimate with .
Now write in lowest terms and put
Since , the equation gives
Clearly for . Homogenizing the supplied polynomial identity gives
Its coefficient sum is at most , so . The same lower bound is immediate from when . Thus

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