Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-341/1/c/solution

Write . The trapezoidal rule is
Taking the inner product with gives
The two quadratic terms vanish because each is skew-symmetric. Moreover . Hence
Unlike the implicit midpoint rule, the trapezoidal rule evaluates at two different states, so the mixed terms need not cancel.

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