Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-201/4/d/solution

Set , , and . Then is a martingale with bounded increments and conditional variance at most . On , localization and the martingale convergence theorem make converge, so the integer-valued increasing sequence is finite. On , applying martingale convergence to
and Kronecker lemma gives . Hence and . This is the Conditional Borel-Cantelli lemma, and proves the two events equal almost surely.

New to topics? Read the docs here!