Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/iii/paper-202/3/b/solution

The -dimensional Lévy characterization of Brownian motion says that a continuous local martingale with is a standard -dimensional Brownian motion exactly when
for all and .
One direction follows directly from independent Gaussian increments. Conversely, fix . Applying Itô formula and the bracket assumption shows that
is a complex local martingale. After stopping on leaving large balls it is bounded, so optional sampling and then dominated convergence give, for ,
This is the characteristic function of and is deterministic. Thus each increment is Gaussian with the required covariance and independent of the past. Together with continuity, these are precisely the defining properties of standard -dimensional Brownian motion.

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