 Solution

Summing the joint probability mass function over $y$ with the geometric series gives the marginal probability mass functionDivide the joint probability mass function by this positive marginal probability mass function to obtain the conditional distribution:It is the geometric distribution counting failures before the first success, with success probability $1-q^{10}$. For the other nonnegative integers $x\ge 10$, $\mathbb{P}(X=x)=0$; the elementary conditional probability given $X=x$ is undefined and supplies no additional case.