Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2011/paper-1/18/c/solution

Away from zeros of , an integrating factor for a differential one-form is . Multiplication converts the form to
Therefore the implicit solution family is . On each graph interval between consecutive multiples of , this becomes
No such open interval contains zero. At , the undivided graph equation would read , which is impossible for a finite derivative; hence no differentiable graph extends across one of these points.
If solutions are instead understood as arbitrary parametrized integral curves of the differential form, the vertical lines are additional solutions: along them and . They were lost on division by and are not graphs over an interval.

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