Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-1-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2016/paper-1/20/b/i/solution

For a smooth oriented surface with piecewise smooth boundary and a continuously differentiable vector field , the Stokes theorem states
The boundary orientation is fixed by the right-hand rule: curling the fingers along the positive boundary direction makes the thumb point along the surface normal. For an outward upper cap, its boundary ellipse is traversed counterclockwise when viewed from the positive direction. The figure shows two possible caps with the same oriented boundary, anticipating the last part.
Figure 1.
Two outward-oriented caps share a counterclockwise boundary and the same curl flux
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