Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-2-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2020/paper-1/2/a/ii/solution

For an integer , choose the series whose integer parity agrees with and set the other initial coefficient to zero. At , the numerator in the recurrence vanishes, so and every later coefficient in that integer parity vanishes. With a nonzero coefficient of , this gives a polynomial of degree exactly . Normalize it by .
For , the even branch is constant; for , the odd branch is proportional to . For , the recurrence gives , so normalization fixes . Hence
The opposite-parity branch generally does not terminate; polynomial termination does not mean that both independent solutions become polynomials.

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