Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-2-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/paper-2/9/c/solution

Write . By Lagrange's theorem, the order of a group element divides four. Since no element has order four, all three nonidentity elements have order two. Thus every element is its own inverse. For any ,
so the group is Abelian. Also cannot equal or , by cancellation and the fact that are distinct nonidentity elements. Hence . The remaining products are forced, giving
The map , , , preserves this table under componentwise addition modulo two. Therefore
the Klein four-group, also called the Vierergruppe.

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