Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-year-2-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/paper-2/8/a/iv/solution

The sum of two odd integers plus one is odd, so the operation is closed. Both associations of a triple give , proving associativity. Its identity element is , and the inverse element of is , also odd, since . Thus it is an abelian group.
More explicitly, shifted addition on odd integers is ordinary integer addition in different coordinates:
This bijection is a group isomorphism to .

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