Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-probability-statistics-and-options-i-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2007/k/1/i/solution

In steady flow, the supplied Euler equations for an inviscid fluid gives
Taking its scalar product with gives . Along a streamline with tangent , this is precisely zero derivative of . Hence is constant along each streamline, with possibly different constants on different streamlines.
If the flow is also irrotational, and thus . Therefore has one constant value throughout each connected fluid region. The stronger conclusion uses vanishing of the entire gradient, not just its component along the velocity.

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