Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-quantum-condensed-matter-field-theory-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2015/paper-1/1/b/solution

The spin commutation relations give . Using the product rule for a commutator,
and the conjugate term also vanishes. The longitudinal field commutes with every , so . The Hamiltonian is invariant under the global spin rotation : its continuous symmetry group is . Simultaneous energy and total-magnetization eigenstates can be chosen, and evolution preserves each fixed-magnetization sector. Local magnetization can still flow between sites; generally . In the fermion representation the conserved number will be .

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