Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-quantum-field-theory-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2023/2/d/ii/solution
Past exam of the quantum field theory course of the University of Oxford 2023 2 d ii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-25
Cross the second incoming heavy particle and one outgoing heavy particle in i to obtain . Panel (e) of b's figure shows the resulting box diagram. Its four light-charge arrows again alternate source and sink corners; it is the only connected order- topology. There is no tree exchange because every cubic interaction vertex has only one heavy leg. With , crossing does not affect the zero-external-momentum loop integral, soAn independent check is to integrate out the complex scalar field at constant . Its two real-component squared masses are . The one-loop quantum effective potential is thereforeExpanding the logarithms to fourth order in givesThus the effective Lagrangian has the positive local coefficient . Its external attachments give the common scattering amplitude in both channels. This also checks the box multiplicity and sign.
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