 Solution

Inside the infinite square well, the time-independent Schrödinger equation and Dirichlet boundary conditions areand the wavefunction vanishes outside the interval. For a nonzero state, integration by parts givesThe strict inequality follows because a function with zero derivative and zero endpoint values is zero. Put $k=\sqrt{2mE}/\hslash$. The general solution is $A\sin kx+B\cos kx$; the first boundary condition gives $B=0$, and the second gives $ka=n\pi$, $n=1,2,\dots$. Since ${\int }_0^a{\sin }^2(n\pi x/a)dx=a/2$, the normalized energy eigenstates and eigenvalues areThe normalization fixes the magnitude of the coefficient; its arbitrary global phase has been chosen real and positive.