Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-short-options-paper-shared-by-prelims-and-parts-a-and-b-of-the-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2017/s25/1/4/solution

Let be the tropopause optical depth and linearize with positive derivative . In the troposphere , so the requested schematic is
It is constant in the isothermal stratosphere and rises linearly with below it. At unchanged temperatures and a multiplicative abundance change , optical depth at each height changes to , hence . Doubling moves the tropopause kink to and gives colder emission temperatures at a fixed optical depth; halving does the opposite.
Figure 1.
Optical-depth remapping of atmospheric emission and stable versus unstable climate-feedback equilibria
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