Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-symmetry-and-relativity-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2019/3/a/solution

An invariant has the same value when the same physical event or state is described in different inertial frames. A conserved quantity has the same value as the physical system evolves, subject to its equations and isolation conditions. These are different comparisons. The invariant mass of a heated object can change with time, while an isolated system's conserved energy has different numerical values in boosted frames.
Under a Lorentz transformation , a Lorentz four-vector transforms as
A covector transforms by the inverse matrix, . A general tensor has one corresponding factor for each index; for example,
Contraction with the Minkowski metric produces Lorentz scalars; it does not by itself make those scalars conserved.

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