 Solution

For constant phase density, let $u_1$ be the intrinsic mean axial speed and defineThe profile coefficient measures the momentum flux relative to a uniform velocity profile with the same mean. Cauchy-Schwarz gives $D_1\ge 1$ where the mean is nonzero, with equality for a uniform phase profile. At zero mean it is safer to retain the second moment itself rather than divide by $u_1^2$.

In the stated common-pressure, no-extra-force closure, the averaged conservative momentum equation isFor constant $D_1$, expand its derivatives and use ${\alpha }_t+u_1{\alpha }_x+\alpha (u_1{)}_x=0$. The terms combine asThereforeThis is the phase momentum profile coefficient correction. It accounts for the second moment of velocity, not merely a rescaling of the convective speed. A variable coefficient would also produce ${\rho }_1\alpha u_1^2(D_1{)}_x$.