Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-year-1-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2022/discrete-mathematics-continuous-mathematics-and-probability-resit/9/c/ii/solution

Let . Applying the same measurable function separately to independent and identically distributed random variables preserves those two properties, and
In particular, these bounded random variables are integrable random variables. The weak law of large numbers gives
If , then , whose probability tends to zero. If , then , whose probability also tends to zero. Taking a complement in the second case proves
The positive gap from is essential to this argument. Convergence in probability alone does not determine the answer at the excluded threshold .

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