Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-year-1-of-the-computer-science-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2023/discrete-mathematics-probability-and-continuous-mathematics/5/a/solution

Eliminate the constraint by writing , with . The logarithms cancel, so the objective becomes . Its derivatives are and . Thus the unique stationary point is the unique global minimum, at . Restoring gives
As a direct global check, the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality gives , with equality exactly at the same point.

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