Suppose an array Tij is specified in each right-handed orthonormal basis. If wi=Tijvjtransformsasa vector for every vectorv, then T is asecond-order Cartesian tensor under those basis changes. Indeed v′=Rv, w′=Rw imply T′Rv=RTv for every v, hence T′=RTRT. The condition on every test vector is essential; one contraction is insufficient.