Tangent plane requires the point to lie on the surface

ID: tangent-plane-requires-the-point-to-lie-on-the-surface

For a level set , the tangent plane formula requires both that belongs to the surface and that its gradient is nonzero. Evaluating the gradient at an off-surface point instead gives a plane tangent to the level set through that different point. For example has , so the gradient plane there cannot be a tangent plane to . Holding the first two coordinates fixed gives the on-surface point and its plane .

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