Tower proof of the loop theorem

ID: tower-proof-of-the-loop-theorem

Start with a singular disk whose boundary represents a prescribed nontrivial class in a boundary subsurface. Repeatedly lift it through double covering spaces of regular neighbourhoods of its image. The number of distinct image simplexes strictly increases and is bounded by the number of domain simplexes, so the tower ends. At the top, vanishing first mod-two homology forces every boundary component to be a sphere. An embedded disk can then be constructed and projected down the tower. Resolving double curves preserves a boundary class outside a chosen normal subgroup, giving an embedded compression disk at the bottom.

New to topics? Read the docs here!